Manual de instrucciones Rolls-Royce 1004227

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    Design Evolution, Reliabi lity and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines Pedigree Matrices, Volume 6 1004227 Effective December 6, 2006, this report has been made publicly available in accordance with Section 734.3(b) (3) and published in accordance with Section 734.7 of the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. As a resul ...

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    EPRI Project Manager D. Grace ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1395 ▪ PO Box 10412, Pal o Alto, California 94303-0813 ▪ USA 800.313.3774 ▪ 650.855.2121 ▪ askepri@epri.com ▪ www.epri.com Design Evolution, Reliability and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines Pedigre ...

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    DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAK ...

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    iii CITATIONS This report was prepared by Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304 Principal Investigator D. Grace This report describes research sponsored by th e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the lite rature in the following m anner: Design Ev ...

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    v PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Competitive pressures ar e driving power generators to exp loit aviation combustion turbine technology to create more efficient and powerful generation plants at lower cost. However, the use of aero-derivative combustion tu rbines (third generation or "n ext generation") carry a degree of technical risk because techn ...

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    vi introductions as design changes go from the ‘d rawing boards’ into production testing at a customer’s site early in the learning curve. The absence of long-term experien ce with the technology raises issues of relia bility and durability. For spec ific models and components, chronic durability proble ms could result in insura bility issues ...

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    vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Ted Gaudette (formerly of Strategic Power Systems, Inc.) a nd to Ian Langham of Ian Langham & Associates Inc. for preparing the orig inal report in 2002. Thanks to Rolls-Royce for welcoming EPRI attendance at the Turbine Operat or’s Conference in Hous ton in 2005. Thanks to Dale Paul and Bob Steele at Strategic P ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material ix CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. .. 1-1 Risk Trends .................................................................................................................... ....... 1-3 Current Technology Trends ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material x RAM Assessment ................................................................................................................. .3 - 4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... ....... 3-4 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................... ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Industrial RB211: Gas Generator and Free Power Turbine...................................... 2-2 Figure 2-2 Industrial Trent .................................................................................................... ...... 2-8 ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material xiii LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Pedigree Matrix: Rolls-Royce RB211-6562, RB211-6761, Trent 60 (DLE and WLE) Engine Design Characteristics ............................................................................... 2-11 Table 3-1 RAM Statistics: Fleet Characteristics for Avon, RB211, and Trent ................... ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 1-1 1 INTR ODUCTION The power generation market place and the combusti on turbin e market in particular are evolving at an ever-increasing pace. Ma rket forces are driving the in troduction of new technologies and advanced combustion turbines designs. The introduction of these technologies inherently involves risk ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introducti on 1-2 turbines in combustion technology with dry low NO x and CO levels that are several orders of magnitude lower and meet land based polluti on requirements in m any geographic areas. The enabling technology of today’s advanced frame machines lies with the com puter codes and manufacturing processe ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introducti on 1-3 Risk Trends Based upon the review of the designs from all of the m anufacturers, seve ral trends are readily apparent. These trends in the development of a dvanced designs involve in corporation of current industrial combustion turbine tec hnology, transfer of aircraft engi ne technology to indu ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introducti on 1-4 abnormality in the flow path. Adoption of pr oven aviation technology has m inimized leakage paths and has improved clearance control. Th ese aviation to industria l transfer technology trends, which can be considered low to medium ri sk with respect to product re liability include: • Advanced ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introducti on 1-5 − Multi-pass serpentine cooling schemes − “Shower-head” cooling schemes • Advanced materials − Directionally solidified alloys − Single crystal alloys* − Low sulfur alloys* • Advanced coatings − TBCs* − Oxidation coatings* • Clearance and leakage control − Passive − A ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introducti on 1-6 development programs and is entering commercial use. Advanced industrial technology trends which are considered medium to high risk with re spect to pro duct reliability include: • Dry low NO x Combustion systems* • Cannular and annular designs with m ultiple fuel injection nozzles • Exclus ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introducti on 1-7 • Single, large capacity units • Minimum resources applied to Monitori ng, Diagnostic, and Prognostic Program s Original Equipment Manufacturers • Integration of systems • Competitive economics • Corporate downsizing • Sourcing compromises (country of sale or worldwide) • Long term ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introducti on 1-8 efficiency advantage of the new technology com bustion turbine might not offset the increased maintenance costs. It is a difficult equation to so lve, especially when trying to predict changes over the 20 to 30 year life of a typical plant. Insurers and Lende rs Perspective Technology risk is of ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introducti on 1-9 compensate for their losses. Some companies co ncluded they would no l onger participate due to the perceived risks, while others entered the market due to improving margins. In 2004 and 2005, the market again became “softer” and prem iums decreased on a relative basis. The insurance market ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 2-1 2 R OLLS-R O YCE AERO-DERIV A TIVE COMBUSTION TURBINE B A CKGR OUND Summary Rolls-Royce’s aero-derivative h erita ge goes back more that forty years with an active role in establishing the combustion turb ine in marine ap plication with such units and the Proteus, Gnome, Tyne Spey, and Olympus combustion tu ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-2 seven-stage low pressure compressor (LPC), si x-stage high pressure compressor (HPC) driven by a single-stage high pressure turbine (HPT), a nd a single axial stage, low pressure turbine (LPT) which drives the LPC via an inner coaxial shaft, for a to ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-3 for ease in maintainability. This unit also re quires a reduction gearbox in electrical utility applications. Several significant upgrades ar e available for RB211-24C and - 24G gas generators which are generally included in the RB211-24GT: • DLE ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-4 RT 56 – (Cooper Bessemer) 56” Diameter, two stage, Reaction Turb ine. For the –22, -24A and –24C engines RT 62 - (again Coopers) 62” Diameter , two stage, Reaction Turbine. For the –24G and –24G DLE engines RT 61 - (based on the Trent 8 ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-5 Once the engine is removed from the berth, it can be placed on its transportation stand . At this point the I.P. Turbine assembly can be uncoupled from its curvic coupling and removed. Then, by use of the two cranes, the engine can be lifted into th ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-6 I.P. Stage 5 Stator: to Mod. 1205. This will put hard facing on the vane feet and the assembly will be re rubbered with m achine injected, RTV 851 dampening medium . I.P. Stage 6 Stator: to Mod. 1159, as above Stage 7 (OGV Ring): to Mod. 1190, as abo ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-7 stop the bearing cavity can see temp eratures in excess of 400 degrees in the ninety minutes following a crash stop. W hereas, on a cool stop that cavity temperature only got up to just over 275 degrees. No oil in the world can stand the former temp ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-8 controls water usage to meet emission leve ls for changes in power demand and ambient conditions. The 8-stage intermediate pressure compressor (IPC) and the 6-stage high-pressure co mpressor (HPC) are identical to th e Aero Trent 800. The HPT and IPT ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-9 The fundamental feature of the aero-derived tu rbine is its modularity. The industrial Trent consists of 6 prebalanced and interchangeable modules. A module can be rem oved and replaced with a module from the module pool and opera tions resumed with ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-10 The 17 stage gas generator provides a compressi on ratio of 8.8:1 and is driven by a 3 stage turbine. The 2 stage power turb ine drives a 4-pole generator at 1500-1800 rpm, sim ilar to the RB211. Although some new units are sold each year, the produ ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-11 Table 2-1 Pedigree Matrix: Rolls-Royce RB211-6562, RB2 11-6761, Tren t 60 (DLE and WLE) Engin e Design Characteristics Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-12 Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator with RT61 Power Turbine) Trent 60 DLE (Derivative of AERO 800 on Boeing 777 and Airbus A330) Trent 60 WLE (Derivative of ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-13 Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator with RT61 Power Turbine) Trent 60 DLE (Derivative of AERO 800 on Boeing 777 and Airbus A330) Trent 60 WLE (Derivative o ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-14 Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator with RT61 Power Turbine) Trent 60 DLE (Derivative of AERO 800 on Boeing 777 and Airbus A330) Trent 60 WLE (Derivative of ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-15 Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator with RT61 Power Turbine) Trent 60 DLE (Derivative of AERO 800 on Boeing 777 and Airbus A330) Trent 60 WLE (Derivative o ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Co mbustion Turbin e Backgr ound 2-16 Design Characteristic RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24G Gas Generator with RT62 Power Turbi ne) RB211 – 6761 (RB211-24GT Gas Generator with RT61 Power Turbine) Trent 60 DLE (Derivative of AERO 800 on Boeing 777 and Airbus A330) Trent 60 WLE (Derivative of ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 3-1 3 RELIABILITY , A V AILABILITY AND MAINT A INABILITY Data Analysis: Rolls-Roy ce Aero-deri vative Engines This chapter provides statistical evaluation of th e Reliability, Availabili ty, and Main tainability (RAM) performance of the Rolls-Royce Avon, RB 211, and Trent machines in power generation applications. ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability 3-2 Generation area, Strategic Generation Options an d go to Newsletters/ Program Updates under the Research Area Updates secti on in the left sidebar. RAM Statistics: Avon, RB 211 and Trent - All Duties Data from the Operational Reliability Analysis P rogram (ORAP) wa ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability 3-3 Table 3-2 RAM Statistics for Roll-Royce Avon, RB 211 and Trent Engines – All Duties Model & Year Availability (%) Reliability (%) Service Factor (%) Service Hours/Start Starting Reliability (%) Average Load (MW) Forced Outage Factor (%) Scheduled Outage Fact ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability 3-4 Additional RB 211 Operating Statistics The following table provides ave rage Reliability and Availab ility statistics for a limite d number of RB 211 engines based on a one-year operational study. Statistical values are from sources other than ORAP and have not bee ...

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    EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability 3-5 The review of the frame pedigr ee matrices in a previous EPRI Report TR-114081, “Gas Turbine Design Evolution and Risk” clearly shows a high degree of commonality between the d esign of a frame unit and an aero-derivative unit. But at th e same time, they are ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 4-1 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY Literature Citations • “New applications for Trent”, Turbomachinery International , Sept/Oct 2005, pp 9-12. • T. Scarinci and C. Barkey (Rolls-Royce Canada), “Dry Low Emissions Technology for the Trent 50 Gas Turbine”, paper p resented at Power-Gen Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 2004. ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material A-1 A KNO WN ISSUES Table A-1 Listing of Known Issues for Rolls-Royce Units Issue Symptom Comments Ancillary Package Design Numerous Deficiencie s Cooper Bessemer, now part of Rolls-Ro yce, packaged the unit as a Coberra 6256 a nd then, with the higher powered machin es, the Coberra 6562 unit. The troublesome Lu b ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material B-1 B RB 21 1 MAINTENANCE SCOPE RB 211 - 2,000 Hour Inspection • Carry out a soak wash of the engine’s compressor. • On completion of the above; − Inspect the Intake Flare for any cracks or damage − Examine the Variable Intake Guide Vanes (VIGV’s) and visible − Compressor Blades for nicks, dents and ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-2 • Conduct a full internal borescope examination of the engine. Refer to the M/M Volume 1, Chapter 6. for reference and allowable limits of any nicks, dents or other foreign object damage found. • Examine all borescope blanking plugs, which exte nd into the gas generator, for frett ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-3 instructions. These instructions and checks are to be found in the Maintenance and Parts Manual, off-engine parts, Volume 1A, Part 1A, Chapter 3 and Chapter 3 of Part 2A. • On re-start of the engine, carryout an airflo w control system check. Chapter 7, paragraph 4 in the Maintenanc ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-4 • Visually inspect the rem ainder of the module in the bulk condition (i.e. C urvic Coupling, thrust bearings). • Electrically check the N2 Magnetic Speed Sensors and electrical connectors. • Fit the ‘POOL’ OGV Ring Assembly 04 Module: Prepare the 04 Module for shipping to V ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-5 Compressor Rotor HP (Section 1664) • Inspect the HP compressor rotor path linings and incorporate modifications 1115 and 1189, if required. Reprotect if necessary. • Incorporate Mod 1167 - Improved bolt material on com bustor. • Replace the curvic coupling bolts in accordance wi ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-6 Rebuild the Module to the Rolls-Royce overhaul spec ification, fits and clea rances etc. and ship back to the Customer or replace in the ‘POOL’. 05 Module: • Carry out dimension check of IPT Rotor setting. • Inspect the IP Turbine Casing Assembly in th e Bulk Condition, includ ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-7 RB 211 - Overhaul Workscope This overhaul workscope is conducted as sc hedule maintenance at approximately 50,000 Operating Hours, providing the engine had a midlife inspection re pair at 25,000 hours. On Receipt of Engine • Take pictures of engine on the inbou nd truck (i.e. tie do ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-8 • Inspect VIGV’s, crack test, measure inne r and outer journals. Inspect threads. • Measure and inspect in ner and outer bushes. • Embody the following Repair Notes (RN): − RN 5002 – Wear of VIGV Trunni ons and associated parts − RN 5035 – Acceptance Standard for VIGV ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-9 Compressor Rotor IP (Section 1666) • Detail strip the Rotor. Wash, NDT, in spect and record/em b ody the following: − RN 5015 – Cyclic Lives of Critical Group A Components − RN 5016 – Engine Component Life Limitation Data − RN 5023 – Inspection/Crack testing of Stage 6 D ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-10 − MOD 1231 – Revised HP Speed Probes Compressor Intermediate Case (Sections 1661/1661A) • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Re-protect the Compressor Interm ediate Case. • Replace Thread Inserts on the Starter Mounti ng Flange, Borescope Ports and BOV Mounting Flange. It i ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-11 − RN 5017 – Log Book Cyclic Life Information − RN 5024 – HP Turbine Blade Check Procedure − RN 5033 – Fatigue failures of Compressor, turbine rotor blades and stator vanes − RN 5039 – Inspection standard for HP turbine blades − OIA 005 – HPT blades for thermal cra ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-12 Combustion Outer Case (Section 1090-1090/A) • Detail strip, clean and inspect. • Re-protect the outer casing with Sermetal “W” coating Combustion Liner (Sections 1092-1092A-1092B) • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Embody the following: − OIA 040 – Debris in front c ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-13 − RN 5009 – Renew HP compressor bolts in Je thete material at every service strip. − RN 5020 - Reduced cyclic life of specific HP compressor rotor Stages 1 to 2 discs Assembly − RN 5033 – Fatigue failures of compressor, turbine rotor blades and stator vanes − RN 5036 – ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-14 • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Embody the following: − RN 5018 – HP/IP support intern al pipe inspection/test − RN 5029 – Replace thread inserts − OIA 027 – IP Turbine Blade Tip clearance check − OIA 033 – Debris Ingress − OIA 036 – Oil feed pipe crack d ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Mainte nance Scope B-15 • Visually inspect starter or as advised by customer. • Visually inspect all remaining com ponents and recondition as necessary. • Incorporate MOD 1149. It is recommended to incorporat e MODs 1135, 1136, 1164, 1078, 1054, 1071, 1124 and 1266 Non-Engine Components • Inspect tr ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material C-1 C RAM TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Term Definition Availability (%) (Avail) 100 1 • + − ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ Hours Period Unit Hours Outage Scheduled Hours Outage Forced where Scheduled Outage Hours = Maintenance Unscheduled Outage Hours + Maintenance Scheduled Outage Hours Reliability (%) (Reliab) 100 ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RAM Terms and Definitions C-2 The above equations ad here to IEEE Standard 762: Sta ndard Definitions for use in Reporting Electric Generating Units Reliability, Availability, and Pro ductivity Unavailability Types SPS ORAP ® System IEEE 762 Equivalent (1987) Forced Outage Types FOA Forced Outage - Automatic Trip ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material D-1 D INST ALLA TION LISTS The following tables provide a representative li sting of installation s ites for Rolls-Royce RB211, Trent and Avon models in electrical generation applications. Mechani cal drive and of f-shore applications in the oil and gas industry are not included. For instance, there are over 240 u ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-2 Table D-1 RB211 Sites Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD PT PLN Persero Jakarta Jakarta Area Jakarta Indonesia RB211 6562 Cogen 1 NG 23 2004 Electricidade de Portugal SA (EDP) EDP Energen Fafen Energia Cogen Camacari BA Brazil RB211 6761 CC/Cog ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-3 Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Statoil Heidrun OS Norway RB211 SC 3 NG 56 1994 AGIP SpA AGIP (UK) Ltd Tiffany OS UK RB211 SC 3 NG 75 1992 BP Bruce Field North Sea UK RB211 SC 2 NG 50 1992 Norsk Hydro A/S Oseberg A OS Norway RB211 SC 5 NG 50 ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-4 Table D-2 Trent Sites Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD TransCanada Corp TransCanada PipeLines Ltd Bear Creek Cogen Grande Prairie AB Canada Trent CC/Cogen 1 NG 80 2003 Rolls-Royce Power Ventures (RRPV) Rolls-Royce Engineering Croydon Powre Fa ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-5 Table D-3 Avon Sites Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Pakchina Fertilizer Ltd Haripur Pakchina Haripur Pakistan Avon Cogen 1 Unkno wn 14 1997 Schon Power Generation Ltd Pakchina Haripur Haripur Pakistan Avon SC 1 Unknown 15 1997 Electricite d ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-6 Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd (ADGAS) Bu Hasa (ADGAS) Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Avon SC 4 Unknown 45 1981 General Electric Co of Libya Abu Kamash Libya Avon SC 2 Unknown 29 1981 General Electric Co of Liby ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-7 Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Fingrid Oyj Huutokoski Fin-79620 Huutokoski Finland Avon SC 6 Unkno wn 174 1973 Power and Water Authority Berrimah Darwin NT Australia Avon SC 1 Unknow n 14 1973 Vattenfall AB Gothenburg Sweden Avon SC 1 Unkno ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-8 Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Vattenfall AB Gotland Vattenfa ll Gotland Sweden Avon SC 2 Unkno wn 116 1971 Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority St. Thomas Charlotte VA USA Avon SC 1 Unkno wn 26 1971 Australian Newsprint Mills Ltd Boy ...

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    EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists D-9 Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Typ e Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Shell Oil Co Carrington Shell UK/England & Wales Avon SC 1 Unknown 14 1968 TXU Corp TXU Eur ope Group plc West Burton Retford Nottinghamshire UK/England & Wales Avon SC 4 Unknown 72 1968 E.ON AG E ON E ...

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    ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1395 • PO Box 10412, Pal o Alto, California 94303-0813 • USA 800.313.3774 • 650.855 .2121 • askepri@epri.com • www.epri.com Export Control Restrictions Access to and use of EPRI Inte llectual Property is granted with th e specific unde rstanding and requir ...

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Un conjunto de documentos determinado como manual de instrucciones se divide también en tipos más detallados, tales como: instrucciones de montaje Rolls-Royce 1004227, instrucciones de servicio, instrucciones cortas o instrucciones de usuario Rolls-Royce 1004227. Dependiendo de la situación debes buscar el documento que necesitas. En nuestra página puedes consultar el manual de instrucciones más popular del producto Rolls-Royce 1004227.

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El manual de instrucciones del dispositivo Rolls-Royce 1004227, ¿cómo debería ser?
El manual de instrucciones, también determinado como el manual de usuario o simplemente instrucciones, es un documento técnico que tiene como objetivo ayudar a los usuarios a utilizar Rolls-Royce 1004227. Las instrucciones normalmente las realiza un escritor técnico pero en un lenguaje comprensible para todos los usuarios de Rolls-Royce 1004227.

El manual de instrucciones completo de Rolls-Royce debe contener unos elementos básicos. Una parte de ellos es menos importante, como por ejemplo: la portada / la página principal o las páginas de autor. Sin embargo, lo demás debe facilitarnos la información más importante desde el punto de vista del usuario.

1. Introducción y pistas sobre cómo orientarse con el manual Rolls-Royce 1004227 - Al principio de cada manual se deben encontrar las indicaciones acerca de la manera de usar un manual de instrucciones. Debe contener información sobre dónde encontrar el índice Rolls-Royce 1004227, preguntas frecuentes o problemas más comunes – son los apartados más buscados por los usuarios de cada manual de instrucciones.
2. Índice - listados de todos los consejos acerca de Rolls-Royce 1004227 que encontraremos en el documento
3. Consejos de uso de las funciones básicas del dispositivo Rolls-Royce 1004227 - que deben facilitarnos los primeros pasos durante el uso de Rolls-Royce 1004227
4. Troubleshooting - una secuencia sistematizada de acciones que nos ayudará a diagnosticar los problemas más importantes con Rolls-Royce 1004227
5. FAQ - las preguntas frecuentes
6. Datos de contacto Información acerca de cómo encontrar los datos de contacto del fabricante / servicio de Rolls-Royce 1004227 en cada país si no somos capaces de solucionar el problema por nuestra cuenta.

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Comentarios (1)

raul

deseo saber porque son tan complicados, para tener un simple manual de manejo e instrucciones especificas, de un equipo audio, dan un monton de vueltas, cuando antes venian e lmanual de instruccion junto con lo que compraba , por favor si me pueden informar donde puedo bajar dicho manual de un equipo de musica FX30X70 gracias